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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

贵州开行“冰雪主题”列车 南方游客畅享冰雪乐趣******

　　(新春见闻)贵州开行“冰雪主题”列车 南方游客畅享冰雪乐趣

　　中新社贵阳1月7日电 (记者 张伟)2023年中国春运首日，贵州2023年首列“冰雪主题”列车C6031次“复兴号”于9时31分由贵阳北站驶出，载着607名旅客前往六盘水。值乘列车长李小林告诉记者：“适逢周末，车上有近三分之一的旅客是奔赴贵州六盘水的三大滑雪场滑雪。”

　　曾几何时，中国冰雪运动“不过山海关”。近年来，贵州省六盘水市相继建成玉舍、乌蒙、梅花山3个天然滑雪场，在这里，贵州人不出省、南方人不远足，就能享受到冰雪运动的乐趣。

　　“贵州境内的8个滑雪景点，其中安六高铁(安顺至六盘水)沿线就有5个。”李小林对记者说，如今坐着高铁去滑雪正成为中国西南地区民众的新时尚。

　　“冰雪主题”列车车厢内，蓝、白色调装饰为主，顶棚及车窗等部位贴有白色“雪花片”，车厢内兔年元素的装饰品、滑雪设备存放处标识、乘务员冰雪元素的胸牌、丝巾以及“乘坐高铁去滑雪”的海报，令人耳目一新。

　　“冰雪主题”列车上，乘务员指引旅客存放专属滑雪设备。贵阳铁路疾控中心医务人员王婕细致地介绍了冰雪运动前要注意的健康防护及健康安全提示。各大滑雪景区的推介资料、滑雪安全注意事项的宣传折页吸引了部分旅客取阅。餐吧车备好的红糖姜茶、手套及围巾供有需求的滑雪旅客免费拿取，这些服务举措都颇受旅客好评。

　　酷爱滑雪运动的乘务员刘敏为旅客示范、讲解滑雪服的穿戴要领，还归纳了自己在滑雪过程中常出现的小状况及应对技巧。几名“零基础”的旅客争相尝试体验滑雪服穿戴，不时问刘敏一些滑雪知识。“有人教我们要领，还讲解滑雪安全注意事项，令我内心的紧张和不安减轻了不少。”旅客龙瑞芳开心地说。

　　在贵州实施的“一免三减半”(景区门票免费，自驾车过路费、住宿费、购买商品费五折)的“冬游贵州”钜惠等活动政策的加持下，冰雪“冷资源”正逐步变成贵州旅游的“热动力”。

　　2023年春运，中国铁路成都局集团公司贵阳客运段打造“高铁+冰雪旅游”新产品，设计开行多趟“安六冰雪游”主题列车，方便旅客出行的同时，通过高铁这一流动载体，吸引更多民众参与冰雪运动。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）